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【独家】“拯救生命、保障民生”全球智库市政厅会议报告(一)

2021-02-02 08:00
来源:澎湃新闻·澎湃号·政务
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原创 iGCU 北京大学中外人文交流研究基地

本文约5500字,读完约14分钟

小i导读

“全球智库市政厅会议”是由美国宾夕法尼亚大学“智库研究项目”(TTCSP)联合全球各大洲近400家最具影响力的智库发起的系列研讨会,拥有由来自世界各地90多家智库组成的国际规划委员会,是新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来规模最大的全球智库会议。

会议以“拯救生命,保障民生”为主题,从4月7日至6月30日共计三个月时间里,1226位世界各地的智库学者、专家和政策界领袖云集,共同探讨新冠疫情下国际社会面临的挑战与变化,提出分析和可行建议,为人类安全与全球治理带来多元视角,展现了全球智库共同体抗疫的信念和决心。

作为中国唯一一家连续三次受邀参加“全球智库市政厅会议”的新型智库,北京大学中外人文交流研究基地参与了国际规划委员会各项工作,在议程设置、会议安排、智库提案等方面发挥了重要作用。

以下是北京大学中外人文交流研究基地对全球智库市政厅会议报告主要内容的独家翻译,小i将分两期发布。本期内容包含宾夕法尼亚大学智库项目负责人詹姆斯·麦甘博士的导语和报告综述,以及14位全球智库领袖对新冠疫情和智库角色的见解与看法。

导言

我很高兴能够在此与诸位分享以“拯救生命、保障民生”为主题的全球智库市政厅会议(Global Town Hall Meeting)报告。该报告记录了通过穿梭于不同国家、地区和不同社群,结合不同学科知识来应对这场疫情危机的人们以及他们所贡献出的卓绝努力。我们欢迎诸位为报告提供评论和建议。

2020年4月7日,5月18日和6月30日,全球各地的智库专家齐聚云端,参加三场线上市政厅会议,展现了他们支持抗疫的信念和决心。在此,我想对国际规划委员会(International Planning Committee),各工作组的联合主席以及全球智库共同体致以感谢。在这次艰苦卓绝的时刻,他们齐心协力为全球抗疫贡献智慧。在三场市政厅会议中,每场会议都有来自87个国家和地区的智库专家赴会。诸位在市政厅会议中的积极参与彰显了智库的价值与重要性,承担了智库作为专家、思想和行动共同体的重要社会责任。

此外,我还想感谢共事的1200位智库学者和工作人员所付出的巨大努力。他们积极协助政策制定者、医护专家和其他奋战在前线的工作人员,救助深受新冠病痛之苦的老人、贫困者和弱势群体。

如今,我们生活在一个变动不居、险象环生的时代。在这样的时代中,我们难以识别和追踪潜居在世界各处的各种危险(新冠病毒、网络威胁、机器人等)。这些让人望而生畏的挑战需要我们共同关注,持续合作,创新思考。另一方面,正如全球市政厅会议所示,国际合作是可行的,而且不同领域的专家能够在短期迅速展开协作,制定出针对这次前所未有的全球危机的创新型政策解决方案。因此,我们必须持续发挥全球智库共同体所蕴涵的组织网络和思想智慧的能量,提供更多的公共产品,服务于人类共同利益。

宾夕法尼亚大学劳德研究院(Lauder Institute)

智库项目(TTCSP)创始人兼主任

詹姆斯 · 麦甘博士(Dr. James G. McGann)

总述

在过去的几个月中,新冠病毒对全球人民的生产生活造成了前所未有的威胁,对于全球公共卫生和经济生产造成了毁灭性的打击。截止市政厅会议结束之时,全球有超过1200万人感染新冠肺炎,且有50万余人因新冠肺炎而丧生。全球化趋势使得世界各国联系交往变得日益紧密,为病毒提供了国际传播的可乘之机。然而,也正是全球化为各国领导人和决策层提供了前所未有的合作机会。其中,各国智库不断服务于决策层和公众抗击疫情之需,发挥了其前所未有的建言献策作用。

为回应这场由新冠疫情引发的全球危机,宾夕法尼亚大学智库项目负责人詹姆斯·麦甘博士致力于调动全球智库社群积极行动参与抗疫。智库项目组织了一系列的全球智库市政厅会议,旨在探讨疫情时代下如何拯救人类生命和经济生产。在这个过程中,智库不仅承担着为政府和社会各界提供清晰可行的抗疫策略建议的重任,同时还需要确保他们自身作为智库组织的生存。而这次市政厅会议,恰恰为智库商讨如何制定可行性高的抗疫措施提供了一个平台。

这三次市政厅会议中,有1226位学者、行政人员和政府官员参与到会议讨论。这些与会者来自87个国家和地区中540余所智库。第一场市政厅会议以团结、初始政策提议为讨论重点。第二场会议上形成了五大工作小组以准备对于新冠疫情的回应。这些回应都在第三次和最后一次市政厅会议中有所展现。在会议中,智库促使理论知识和实际政策之间的联系更为紧密时刻准备为抗疫提供力所能及的帮助。

此外,智库项目要特别感谢加拿大国际治理创新中心(CIGI),他们为我们提供了人员与技术支持以使得我们的线上会议能够顺利进行。就本研究项目方面来说,市政厅会议是由麦甘博士的研究实习生马利克·刘易斯(Mariko Lewis)、阿丽莎·沃兹沃斯(Alisa Wadsworth)、玛丽安娜·加尔西亚(Mariana Garcia)、 本杰明·柯思科(Benjamin Kosko)等人组织和运营。而这篇报告则是在市政厅和出版团队的帮助下完成的。在此,我们还要感谢:露西·柏普科(Lucy Popko)、安德鲁·奥尔纳(Andrew Orner)、伊塔利亚·梅思娜(Italia Messina)、乔丹·布罗德(Jordan Brodeur)、麦卡·盖茨(Micah Getz)、比安卡·赛尔宾(Biana Serbin)、萨米雅克·利卡(Samyak Leekha)以及卡洛琳·康登(Caroline Condon)。

全球智库领袖谈新冠疫情和智库角色

1、约翰·艾伦(John Allen)

美国布鲁金斯学会主席

President, Brookings Institution (United States)

新冠疫情的爆发和肆虐大大削弱了许多政府的政治领导力。对此,智库则需要发挥其为政府建言献策、甚至是为全人类未来发展指明方向的重要作用。诚然,智库社群在当今世界显现出其前所未有的重要性。当我们面对困难时,合力才能战胜困难。全球新冠疫情的严重性可谓是史无前例的,因而我们更需要齐心协力才能更好面对这场危机。

“In this moment, when political leadership is being literally crippled by COVID-19, think tanks have a critical role to play in informing policymakers and, ultimately, guiding humanity towards a safer and brighter future. Indeed, our community has never been more important than it is today, and as with so many things, we’re stronger together. The severity of the global COVID-19 crisis is unprecedented, and we must – together as a community – rise to the occasion.”

2、梅丽莎·里奇(Melissa Leach)

英国发展研究中心主任

Director, Institute of Development Studies (United Kingdom)

新冠疫情这场超大规模的卫生危机对世界各国经济和政治造成深远影响。对此,智库应该积极开展多领域合作性调研以提供可靠的知识信息以及指导策略,进而帮助全人类战胜这场危机并促进人类社会平等化、可持续性发展。

“The COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis of massive proportions and will have major long-term social, economic and political impacts in countries all over the world. Think tanks globally have an absolutely vital role to play in generating the diverse and collaborative knowledge, action and leadership needed to bring an end to the outbreak and build back more equitable and sustainable societies.”

3、 戴尚志(Simon Tay)

新加坡国际事务研究所主任Chairman, Singapore Institute for International Affairs (Singapore)

当新冠病毒在欧洲和美国传播的时候,许多人的反应对策都显得较为滞后和惊慌。虽然各国政府必须各自采取行动应对疫情,各国之间的协商对话对于管理跨国人口流动以及医疗和其他抗疫物资运输有着重要的作用。就东南亚地区而言,东盟需和全球其他合作伙伴一起努力抗击疫情。而智库则在促使各国政府关注当前紧急问题和采取正确措施方面发挥了重要作用。

“With the spread of COVID-19 to Europe and the USA, many are reacting late and with a sense of panic. While national governments must act, consultation and dialogue are critical in managing cross border flows of people, medical equipment and other essentials. In our region, ASEAN needs to move and work with other partners in the global effort against a global pandemic. Think tanks are nudging governments to give attention to priority issues and to take the right steps."

4、瓦苏·贡登(Vasu Gounden & Cedric de Coning)

南非非洲建设性解决争端中心执行主任

Founder and Executive Director ACCORD (South Africa)

新冠疫情在非洲造成了史无前例的社会、经济和政治混乱。紧接而来的对于国家和区域安全和发展挑战将会颇为复杂,因而需要基于准确可靠的信息数据进行分析和探究。对此,智库则需要发挥在提供实证可靠的研究分析和政策建议的引领作用,帮助决策者积极抗击疫情,及时有效利用稀缺资源并挽救生命。

“The COVID-19 pandemic is resulting in unprecedented social, economic, and political dislocations across Africa. The ensuing security and development challenges will be complex and will require accurate information and knowledgeable analysis. Think tanks will therefore have to be at the forefront of providing evidence-based research, analysis, and policy advice to allow decision-makers to respond proactively and timeously to save lives and manage scarce resources.”

5、凯伊·詹姆斯(Kay Coles James)

美国传统基金会创始人兼首席执行官

President and CEO, Heritage Foundation (United States)

在类似于新冠疫情这样的卫生危机中,像全球智库市政厅会议里那样的智库和全球思想领导者扮演关键角色,为政府提供政策建议,以实现挽救生命和恢复生产这一目标。在疫情肆虐的今天,我们能够拥有这样一个全球的知识共享网络以处理当下疫情引发的棘手问题,是一件值得庆幸的事。

“Think tanks and global thought leaders like those in the Global Think Tank Town Hall play a critical role in informing and assisting policy makers in developing solutions to save both lives and livelihoods during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. It’s reassuring to know there’s a global network that shares their expertise to address the tough issues we face.”

6、王栋(Wang Dong)

北京大学中外人文交流基地执行主任

Executive Director,

Institute of Global

Cooperation and Understanding (iGCU), Peking University (China)

当前世界正在经受着新冠疫情这场史无前例的危机的重大考验。国际社会能否基于合作共赢这一基本精神来战胜疫情将会预示未来的人类世界图景。令人欣慰的是,在市政厅会议讨论中,各国重要智库和研究者所组成的全球网络集聚其专业知识和其他资源寻求合作性危机应对方案,展现出了其全球社会责任感。

"Our world is being tested by the unprecedented crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether or not the international community can overcome this challenge in the spirit of cooperation and partnership will speak volumes about the future world we will live in. It is heartening that the global network of leading think tanks and thought leaders assembled at the Global Think Tank Town Hall are committed to pooling their expertise and resources in search of a truly collaborative response."

7、 迈克尔·考克斯(Michael Cox)

伦敦政治经济学院外交与国际战略研究中心联合主任、国际关系教授

Founding Co-Director of LSE IDEAS and Professor of International Relations (United Kingdom)

这次危机使得人类、国家和地区中最为优良和最为低劣的行为彰显出来。作为负责任的世界公民,我们首先需要敦促我们的政府履行其抗疫防疫职责,其次不能忽略这样一个显而易见的事实——战胜这场危机乃至很多其他危机的唯一方法是各国基于人类命运共同体这一认知所开展的更加深入的国际合作,而不是自我封闭。

"This crisis has brought out both the best and the worst amongst peoples and nations. Our job as committed citizens of the world must be first to hold our own governments to account, but secondly never to lose sight of the simple but obvious fact that the only solution to this crisis - and the many others we face - is through greater international cooperation and a recognition of our common humanity, rather than retreat behind ever higher walls and closed borders."

8、贡蒂尼·达米安·兰科安德(Gountiéni Damien Lankoandé)

布基纳法索应用分析研究协会

Executive Director, Groupe de recherche et d’analyse appliquées (GRAAD Burkina), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

在应对这次新冠疫情过程中,非洲吸取到了许多经验教训,其中一条就是我们需要重新思考非洲发展模式。这必然意味着原有发展模式的转变以更好适应当下非洲现实状况。就这方面而言,智库则能发挥其重要作用。但这样的作用只有在各智库联合协作之下才可能实现。而这也正是全球市政厅项目其中部分意义所在。而正是有市政厅会议所贡献的想法和理念,我对未来也更加充满信心。

"With COVID-19, Africa is learning many lessons. Among the most crucial lessons, there is the need to deeply rethink the continent's development models. This necessarily involves a change in development paradigms and original models that are better fitted to the realities of the African continent. In this sense, Think Tanks have a central role to play. But this role can only be truly assumed as a group. It is in this way that this Global Think Tank Town Hall initiative makes sense. I have confidence in the future thanks to this group philosophy.”

9、罗辛顿·P·梅德霍拉(Rohinton P. Medhora)

加拿大国际治理创新中心主席

President, The Centre for International Governance Innovation (Canada)

在这次危机中,20国集团在应对另一种传染病,“金融传染病”的时候显得越发重要。新冠疫情对社会造成最大的问题就是经济衰退。尽管20国集团不是一个完美的国际组织,但它也需要寻求言行之间的平衡以更好推动国际抗疫合作。这是因为20国集团极集聚了世界上最重要的经济体。而其中最大的两个经济体(中国和美国),则需要进行沟通对话以推动国际抗疫合作进展。

“The importance of the G20 became more pronounced in a fight against a different kind of contagion, financial contagion. There will be no bigger challenge than the economic fallout from coronavirus. While it is an imperfect organization, the G20 will need to balance discussion and action. It is a grouping of the most significant economies in the world, and has two that must speak to each other to make progress – in this time of crisis they may have no choice.”

10、卡米拉·鲍施(Camilla Bausch)

德国生态研究所执行主任

Scientific and Executive Director, Ecologic Institute (Germany)

人类是自然环境和社会环境的一部分。因此,我们有义务去努力创造并保护一个有利于我们生存发展的自然和社会环境。无论是在新冠疫情面前,还是在气候危机面前,抑或在地球面临的其他挑战面前,我们都应该采取这样的态度。因此,世界各国的经济恢复发展的政策必须是前瞻性的,必须朝我们所预期的方向进行转变,并有助于构建一个更为宜居的世界。

“Humans are part of both the natural and the social environment. We have an obligation to create and protect an environment that fosters well-being and resilience. We have to do so in the face of the Corona crisis, in the face of the climate crisis, in the face of the many challenges this modern, crowded, beautiful planet faces. This is why the recovery and stimulus packages around the world must be forward looking, embrace the changes we want to see, and build a future we want to live in.”

11、加布利尔·杜阿尔特(Gabriell Duarte)

危地马拉社会调查研究协会研究员

Researcher, ASIES (Guatemala)

多数国家和地区都存在各种不平等现象以及解决这些不平等问题的急剧需求。新冠危机的爆发使得全球各个智库与政府以及社会其他部门在公共政策制定和项目设计上进行合作,以更好地应对危机所带来的损失,并催生可持续发展所需的经济发展弹性活力。

“In most countries, existing inequalities and the urgent need to reduce them have been exposed. The crisis caused by COVID-19 is an important call to Think Tanks around the world to work hand in hand with governments and other sectors of society in the formulation and implementation of public policies and programs to face the damage and achieve the resilience that sustainable development demands.”

12、法哈德·阿尔图基(Farhad M Alturki)

沙特阿拉伯T20智库主席

Chair, T20 Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia)

T20智库一直致力于为20国集团领导人提供有关全球各国的即时性、实证可靠的政策建议。为此,T20智库成立了专家专项小组。该小组旨在调查评估新冠疫情影响力,以积极应对这场由新冠疫情引发的危机。由于其归属于20国集团框架之下,T20智库因而能为全球各大智库提供呈现针对20国集团领导力的多元分析视角的机会。我想强调的是,T20智库始终重视各大智库集思广益的过程。该过程所体现的包容性、民主性和开放性,也使得智库讨论更为可信、合理。

“T20 Saudi Arabia is committed to bringing evidence-based policy recommendations to the attention of the G20 leaders on timely and relevant issues for G20 and non-G20 countries. To that end, the T20 community has responded to the current crisis, precipitated by this ongoing pandemic, by creating a special task force that will investigate the impact of COVID-19. As the T20 platform is formally nested within the G20 framework, it provides global think tanks with the opportunity to present multiple perspectives to G20 leadership, while 7 respecting everyone's views. I would like to emphasize that the T20 has always valued an inclusive, democratic and open process of collating ideas, which is what makes it credible and legitimate.”

13、亚历山大·戴钦(Aleksandr Dynkin)

俄罗斯世界经济和国际关系研究所主席

President, Primakov IMEMO, (Russia)

新冠疫情是一场全球性的危机。从某种意义上来说,它与外星人入侵地球颇为相似。尽管如此,这次疫情也为推动后疫情时代国际合作提供了绝佳的机会。但需警惕的是,如果各国盲目地遵循所谓的“历史终结论”,21世纪新一轮的两极格局将会产生。其所引发的后果则将是后疫情时代经济增长的停滞,人类抗击未来疫情乃至应对气候变化的能力削弱。对此,我认为我们应该积极筹备组织联合国五大常任理事国领导人的线上、线下会议,促使五常紧密协作,进而有可能逆转这一导致世界分裂的趋势。

“The COVID-19 pandemic is a universal threat to the Earth. Figuratively speaking it could be compared with extraterrestrial attack. This provides a unique opportunity for promoting cooperation in a post-Corona world. However, blindly following the old “end of history” narrative could bring the world order to the new bipolarity of the XXI century. This path dependence substantially decreases not only post-Corona economic growth recovery, but also humanity resistance to the future pandemics, as well as climate change prevention. Forthcoming online and planning offline meetings of G5 leaders (Permanent members of UN SC) could potentially reverse this counterproductive trend towards a divided world.”

14、卡里姆·埃纳奥伊(Karim El Aynaoui)

摩洛哥新南政策中心总理事

Managing Director, Policy Center for New South PCNS (Morocco)

在这样一个充满着各种挑战的时期,我们需要主动承担保护我们社群和国家的生命健康福祉这一责任。诚然,承担这一集体性责任需要付出一定的代价,但是我可以肯定的是,我们都愿意共同担负。全球智库社群联合起来为全球人民谋福祉,展现出的友爱、坚韧和关心等优良品质,让我深有感触。而诸如全球智库市政厅会议这样的项目也让我对我们终将战胜新冠疫情这一未来充满信心。

“In these challenging times, we have all had to adapt to the role that befalls us to protect the health and welfare of our communities and nations. This collective responsibility has come at a dire cost, but one I am certain we are all prepared to bear. I am inspired by the way in which the think tank community has come together, with kindness, strength and concern for the common good. Such an initiative as the Global Think Tank Town Hall gives me great confidence that we will get through this, together – as we always have.”

摘译:吴焕璋

排版:钱美利

原标题:《【独家】“拯救生命、保障民生”全球智库市政厅会议报告(一)》

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