市政厅|活力城市设计⑾：LEED标准如何鼓励锻炼身体

【编者按】

        这里接续上期，介绍活力城市设计与LEED标准协同的部分。可在文末“继续阅读”查看过往发布的活力城市导则。

        作为LEED评级系统的一部分，美国绿色建筑委员会允许设计团队为出色或创新的做法提出分数评定。2009年，纽约市健康与心理卫生部、市长管理与预算办公室以及设计与施工部门共同组成了一个公私合营部门，并联合1100位建筑师与建筑承包商，为里弗赛德健康中心一项名为“通过增加身体活动为健康而设计”的项目开发了一种创新评分体系。该创新体系所鼓励的那些建筑设计措施，旨在增加日常中有意或无意的身体活动。该体系也建立了一套方法用以衡量这些设计的特点并量化其对健康益处，并以之作为未来项目的一项先例。

        该创新评分体系建立在LEED中有关健康问题的现有要素基础上。鉴于当前肥胖及相关慢性疾病带来的健康问题具有紧迫性和全球性的特点，让LEED评分体系在促进人们身体活动、获取健康食物方面得到发展并广泛应用，是至关重要的。目前的LEED ND评分体系主要关注户外活动，而新的身体活动创新评分体系，则鼓励建筑物内的常规性锻炼与活力生活。在恶劣天气期间，室内锻炼的机会至关重要，尤其对年轻人与老年人而言。

        创新评分体系建议的设计策略不仅能增加身体活动频率，也可能带来其他方面的益处，包括：

        1）减少与自动扶梯和电梯使用相关的能源消耗；

        2）降低与机械化垂直运输系统相关的建设、维护以及修缮的成本；

        3）提高建筑内居民的安全性，例如，通过增加疏散楼梯的可视性、可用性与方便性来实现这一点；

        4）长期节省医疗成本并提高生产率，为雇主与更广泛的社区带来收益。

        LEED身体活动创新评分

        下表详细列出了LEED中一项名为“通过增加身体活动促进健康的设计”的创新评分表。该评分体系由纽约市提出，并由USBGC机构在2009年批准通过，其建议的策略建立于现有实证与研究的基础之上。

        

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