下载客户端

彝绣+广绣！凉山绣娘家门口就业，绣出小康生活 | Amazing Foshan

2020-09-19 11:08

来源：澎湃新闻·澎湃号·媒体

广绣，又称“粤绣”，是中国四大名绣之一；广绣和彝绣，都是国家级非物质文化遗产——两项独具地域特色的刺绣手艺，为四川凉山的彝族绣娘编织出幸福生活。

Cantonese Embroidery, also known as Yue Embroidery, is one of the four most famous embroideries in China. Yi Embroidery is a handicraft popular among Yi minorities in southwest China. These two embroidery crafts, both being national intangible cultural heritages with unique regional characteristics are integrated to create a prosperous life for people in Liangshan, Sichuan Province.

在广东佛山顺德的对口帮扶下，从2019年12月起，四川凉山美姑县第一刺绣艺术工作坊会聚起一批彝族绣娘。在广绣大师的指点下，她们融合广绣和彝绣的精髓，在“家门口”就业。

With the one-to-one support from Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, the First Embroidery Art Workshop of Meigu County, Liangshan, Sichuan has recruited women embroidery workers of the Yi nationality since December 2019. Under the guidance of Cantonese Embroidery masters, they integrated Cantonese Embroidery with Yi Embroidery, realizing employment on the doorstep.

“乡亲们参与生产计件取酬、多劳多得，既可在工作坊参加生产，也可把物料领回家，利用空闲时间织绣，‘足不出户’实现增收。”美姑县第一刺绣艺术工作坊、东西部协作扶贫车间（广东佛山援建）项目经理伍宏介绍，工作坊可同时吸纳100多人在现场织绣。目前工作坊约有绣娘40余人，近30人成为工作坊的“常客”。

"Villagers are paid by pieces. They can choose to work at the workshop, or take materials home and embroide in their spare time, thus generating income without migrating to big cities", said Wu Hong, project manager of The First Embroidery Art Workshop of Meigu County and the Joint Poverty Alleviation Workshop (Foshan-Aided). Wu told us the workshop can take more than 100 workers embroidering at the same time. At present, there are about 40 women workers in the workshop, 30 of whom are "regulars" of the workshop.

“‘家门口’就能就业，还能学到不少技能！”彝族年轻女子海来尔西是美姑县人，住在牛牛坝乡。她说，去年结婚后，她不再出外打工，而是回到老家牛牛坝乡专心照顾起出生不久的孩子。“以前只能靠养猪养鸡为生。”海来尔西说，“现在掌握了一技之长，每个月通过刺绣劳动能领到约2000元的工资，生活很有奔头。”

"You can learn skills and get employed on your doorstep!" said Hailai Erxi, a young woman of the Yi nationality from Meigu County who lives in Niuniuba Village. After getting married last year, she returned to her hometown and focused on taking care of her newborn baby. "We used to live on raising pigs and chickens." Hailai Erxi said, "Now that I have mastered the skill of embroidering, I can earn about 2,000 yuan every month. Life is worth expecting."

海来尔西 Hailai Erxi

不少当地妇女都有彝绣的基础，“有基础的几乎是一学即会，年轻的一般需要花几天的时间培训，年龄稍微大些的十几天也能掌握技巧。”美姑县委常委、副县长李福信说。目前广绣培训班已成功举办三期。今年4月开始，为吸引更多人参与，美姑县文旅投公司设立每月200元出勤奖，并设立就地就近就业补助，提高绣娘们的收入，更好助力脱贫。

Many local women know the basics of Yi Embroidery, so "they can quickly grasp the skill of Yue Embroidery. It takes young workers a few days to master the skill while older ones ten days or longer.” Li Fuxin, the standing member of Meigu County Committee and deputy head of Meigu County said. At present, the Cantonese Embroidery training class has been successfully held for three times. In order to attract more people to the workshop, Meigu County Culture and Tourism Investment Company set up a monthly attendance award of 200 yuan this April and offered local employment subsidies to improve local people’s income and alleviate poverty.

在展示馆内，彝族绣娘们的刺绣成品针法细腻，画面柔美。彝族刺绣图案丰富，色彩艳丽，独具艺术和民族特色。绣娘们将广绣技法与彝绣花样相结合，融入彝族最广为人知的斗牛、斗鸡、火把节等元素，制作出精美的手机套、手绢、服装等工艺品和消费品，颇受市场的热捧。

The exhibition hall displays the finished embroideries with delicate stitches and beautiful patterns. Yi Embroidery is rich in patterns and colors with unique artistic and ethnic characteristics. Integrating the Cantonese Embroidery techniques with Yi Embroidery patterns and images of ethnic traditions such as bullfighting, cockfighting and the Torch Festival, workers have produced exquisite mobile phone covers, handkerchiefs, clothes and other handicrafts which enjoy great popularity in the market.

据了解，在工作坊，顺德企业捐赠绣架，提供针线绣料，设计产品图样，派出师傅教习技艺，同时统一回收绣品进行后期制作和销售，让彝族绣娘们的刺绣成品开拓市场。

Shunde enterprises not only donate embroidery frames, offer needles, threads and other materials to the workshop, but also provide embroidery patterns and skillful teachers to train the workers. In addition, they collect embroidery products from the workers for post-production and sales, so that the hand-made embroidery products can find and secure their markets.

下一步，工作坊还将联合各大电商渠道开展网络直播，“目前我们的直播间已经搭建完毕，预计10月份即可开展。我们希望能打造本土网红，让彝族妇女的刺绣产品开拓出更广阔的市场。”伍宏说。

Next, the workshop will cooperate with major e-commerce platforms to make network live broadcasts. "The live broadcast booth has been set up, expected to be put into use in October. We hope to create local Internet celebrities to explore a broader market for the embroidery products." Wu Hong said.

知多D Fast facts

广绣泛指清代广府地域内的刺绣，主要分布在昔日的广州城内外及顺德、番禺、南海四地。广绣的针法主要有7大类30余种，构图饱满，形象传神。按刺绣材料分，主要有真丝绒绣、金银线绣、线绣和珠绣四类。

Cantonese Embroidery refers to embroidery practiced in Guangfu area in the Qing Dynasty, including the ancient Guangzhou, Shunde, Panyu and Nanhai areas. There are more than 30 embroidering stitches, falling into 7 major categories, all of balanced composition and vivid images. According to different materials used, Cantonese Embroidery can be divided into silk embroidery, gold and silver thread embroidery, thread embroidery and bead embroidery.